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so I'll just reemphasize the grand

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question or the theme that we had here

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how might the evolution of the

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atmosphere through Earth's history

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including its interactions with the

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solid earth and biosphere inform our

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exploration high-level worlds the the

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main offers on this the sort of white

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paper were Tim Lions take Bailey myself

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Dave Johnston Chris Reinhard Park

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Johnson and Mark cut skalski and there

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were thrown the comments from a number

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of other folks that had been reading

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that beating and we've incorporated at

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least a few of those in this document

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and I'll just emphasize that we're

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really interested in starting the

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conversation and we're this and so in

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addition to that the time that you have

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to ask questions and make comments here

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we're going to be opening up the

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document for comments on Google Docs and

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so we're interested in seeing what

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people have to say and what ideas you

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all had to bring okay so this uh this

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concept paper was was really driven by

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the realization that when we speak about

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habitable planets particular about how

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to build on earth we need different

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things over the known history of earth

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and so we started to talk about the term

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states of habitability yeah the earth

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has evolved through many states is how

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the ability over its last four billion

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years of history and so what it has

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meant for the earth to sustain life and

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what life is be able to inhabit earth

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has changed radically over time and

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there's different states each represent

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a unique combination of processes that

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occur both on and below the earth's

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surface and so what we're talking about

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here are different different companies

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and feedbacks between different

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comprehensive deferred system obviously

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both above and below your surfaces are

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also different forcings external to the

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earth now each of those states we read

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argue a title test case or window very

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thinking about letting what might mean

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for another plant be habitable and in

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particular that the atmosphere is really

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where a lot of these processes get

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actually rated and become accessible to

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investigation when we're looking at a

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plan so the idea here is that within the

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next decade or so we have a chance

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essentially to start examining the

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composition of atmospheres around other

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planets and using those as a window or

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as variables into if you've got what may

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be going on in potential biospheres or

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different compounds and those other

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plans in order to interpret what those

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things might mean we need to be able to

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use earth as a test case and evaluate

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what how the hell yah mysterious change

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they were trying to what that has meant

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for the internal state of the earth and

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for the organisms that wouldn't happen

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enough and there are isolate many

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different approaches that have been and

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will be used to examine how the earth is

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work to the system and how all these

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things have driven changes in the

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atmosphere so we whisk this easier if

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they appear at different places in the

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concept paper all these things ranging

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from from what is really in chrono new

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analytical techniques coming online and

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both in terms of me availability and

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also just becoming more economical for

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use by investigators you think about

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these problems needy a chemical tracers

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that are being developed and applied to

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earlier questions and just simply new

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questions that we're now able to ask

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out Billy environments see people are

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starting to apply genomic approaches to

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understand early evolution of life and

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sign interface that one but fossil and

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geochemical record you white and then

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finally we see that there's always gonna

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be a place for classical field geology

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and going out and actually looking at

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rocks and places things in and fill

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environmental context but that combined

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with new approaches to refining

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estimates of Ages and latent processes

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would be very important for thinking

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about how the earth is evolving system

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and just one final thing we see that

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those kinds of studies are now being

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very fluently combined with with studies

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with modern analogs and with model

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systems in the lab and we predict that

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that those kinds of things are going to

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continue to be important in these

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problems in the future since now jake

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has gained at talk a bit about so the

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sub questions that we identified have

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been this overall thanks Mike okay so we

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have a number of different sub questions

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that we identified under this theme and

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I just want to kind of summarize some of

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those the first one is to understand how

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habitable states on the earth originated

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and how they were maintained and also

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how they kind of transition into

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succeeding States of habitability and

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these if we're able to do that then we

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can kind of place kind of important

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constraints on potentially on

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understanding operable States on other

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planets as well and so how might we go

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about doing that well we could

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essentially characterize and quantify

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these different diverse states that the

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Earth's system has occupied over time

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and then look at those kind of critical

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processes that have governed its Emily

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and couple that with a modelling

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component to better understand how

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various different state variables

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measured on other planets may reflect

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that kind of their evolution and states

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of habitability on those planets and by

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state variables we mean stuff like

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atmospheric composition or the

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composition of sediments and sedimentary

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rocks or also the presence or absence of

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key metabolic processes the second one

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is a what are the roles of tectonics and

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climate and shaping a habitable world

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and the idea here is that habitability

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of a planet is a could potentially be

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heavily influenced by the kind of

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tectonic system want to point it as well

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as the types of process based bio

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signatures on a planet both of these

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things have the potential to be I'm

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heavily influenced by tectonics and so

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this could be addressed by learning more

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about kind of the origin and early

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evolution of plate tectonics on earth

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tectonics over time and kind of the

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relationship between tectonics and

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changes in the biosphere the atmosphere

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and the composition of the deeper and

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this could include kind of quantitative

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models of plant evolution and also

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looking at kind of explicit linkages

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between models of tectonics and

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atmospheric chemistry over a kind of

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geologic time scales what is the

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relationship between transitions

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transitions in the geosphere and

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transitions evolution of the biosphere

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so examples of this would be like for

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example that the changes in oxygen and a

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paleoproterozoic and Ediacaran what kind

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of last fear responses the company beast

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eats geosphere changes and these can be

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basically addressed in a number of

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different ways but one way

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that's kind of increasingly important is

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kind of looking at the coupled

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relationship between different

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geochemical to clump geochemical proxies

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for rioc states of the atmosphere in the

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ocean and then trying to look at those

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and their relationships with kind of the

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stratigraphic record and also the

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paleontological fossil records the next

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one is how ecosystems been structured to

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time and how is that affected their

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biogeochemical function so the critical

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questions here kind of focus on the

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development and spread of new biological

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processes environmental gradients and

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conditions that develop in response to

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the communities and also that influence

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the evolution of these new communities

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and also looking at their rates of

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biological processes and basically the

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exchange of materials between the

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biosphere and geosphere over over long

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time scales okay an important component

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of looking at kind of the coupling of

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the geosphere and biosphere is time and

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so if we want to look at rates of

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evolutionary change and environmental

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change then we require kind of a precise

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understanding of the ages of that

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samples that are being looked at and so

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this sub question kind of underscore the

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importance of age dating the fidelity so

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what's the fidelity of proxied of

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biology and environment over kind of

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long complex on geologic histories and

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the idea here is that the fossil record

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is not a complete record the rock record

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is not a complete record and it's also a

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record that's been altered over geologic

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time and so a critical aspect of looking

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at deep time is actually understanding

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the different factors that have kind of

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influence what what record we have

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preserve

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and so these types of investigations

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could include things like diagenesis

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experiments so looking at kind of the

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roles of things like pressure and

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temperature on I'm geochemical

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signatures for example or also looking

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at for example investigating

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unconformities times of erosion or non

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deposition in a sedimentary record and

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finally how my studies of ancient earth

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inform our understanding of future

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changes to the Earth's system and so the

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idea here is basically to try to take

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what we learned in the past and try to

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use it to predict what future changes

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might occur I'm in New York system and

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so an example of this would be that

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perhaps a better understanding of the

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so-called acacia sea ocean in toxic

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event might help us better understand

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kind of the expansion of hypoxic

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conditions in the modern ocean so those

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are the kind of the sub questions that

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fall underneath this overall topic of

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looking at the evolution of that the

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atmosphere over over all of arts history

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and so we like your feedback on not just

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what we presented today but really the

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kind of the paper that this is based on

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and you can you can find that paper on

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google docs do the astrobiology future

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website and you can make comments there

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or we can start a discussion now which

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would be great and questions if you have

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any questions about what we presented

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today we can talk also about maybe

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what's missing from what we presented

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here or also maybe things that are

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redundant or kind of not necessary and

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you keep in mind that this is just one

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of many many papers and many webinars

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that are to come this one kind of

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focuses on the atmosphere overcame and

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there are lots of other diverse topics

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as well thank you jake and thank you

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Mike I'd love to open up the floor

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quickly so if you do have any questions

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there

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little man with his hand up right above

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me you can click that and raise your

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hand and I'll call people in the order

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in which they raise their hand a while

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you think of your questions or your

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comments in the meantime like tell you a

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little bit about the process and what

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we're hoping for here there are quite a

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few white papers that are have been

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released and more than a forthcoming you

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can find them on the homepage of the

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astrobiology future org right down the

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center column and if you click on the

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title it'll tell you it'll tell you a

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date that's the date that the webinar is

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happening and if you click on the title

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it take you directly to the google doc

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where you can leave comments read review

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for the authors and we really want this

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to be a community effort we want

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people's feedback and comments along the

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way so that this can be a well vetted

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peer-reviewed process which will lead to

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our new roadmap I have I put both those

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links in the chat window and it's

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actually you know if you have questions

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or comments throughout you don't feel

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like raising your hand you can also use

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the chat window I'd like to turn it over

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to somebody raised their hand for a

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second they went away okay Marco did we

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have somebody raised their hand yeah it

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looks like they logged a dime first name

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was John I can catch the last name but

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if they're still on the telecon line

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maybe they can chime in yeah are you

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alright so if anybody else has any

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comments or thoughts please use a raise

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your hand function in the meantime I'd

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like to review those questions like just

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pull them up them they're also in a

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notepad on the side have you look at

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them and tell us you know which which of

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these do you think is the most urgent

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which one is a most interest to you

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perhaps to tell us if there's a question

314
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that you feel should be on this topic

315
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that isn't there I'll just add really

316
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quick sit we've identified some some

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ways in tackling questions that have

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been important that we think problem

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will be important that we try to remain

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open to new ways to ask these questions

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so we're not we're not trying to

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prescribe particular methodologies or

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approaches to entering questions we're

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really trying to focus on what we think

325
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are important that's the asking answer

326
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right and we're still open I mean that's

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what this process is about we're still

328
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open to revising this document so your

329
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comments are very welcome in or critical

330
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to this process because there are

331
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aspects of particular deep time

332
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investigations that you think might kind

333
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of address our understanding of the

334
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habitability or the evolution of other

335
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planets then definitely speak up or also

336
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contact us after the webinar I think our

337
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contact information will be available as

338
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part of that google doc isn't it isn't

339
00:16:33,810 --> 00:16:31,329
currently but I think we'll put that

340
00:16:35,310 --> 00:16:33,820
information up so in addition to

341
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commenting if you have particular

342
00:16:39,689 --> 00:16:37,120
questions for us you can contact us

343
00:16:44,310 --> 00:16:39,699
directly link we have an end up from

344
00:16:48,720 --> 00:16:44,320
John all it says is are you m dot dot

345
00:16:50,610 --> 00:16:48,730
dot John yeah this is John normal anyway

346
00:16:53,579 --> 00:16:50,620
I just wondered whether or not under the

347
00:16:56,100 --> 00:16:53,589
plate tectonic activity as a subset was

348
00:16:58,110 --> 00:16:56,110
somewhere else if there's a

349
00:17:01,430 --> 00:16:58,120
consideration of the effects of tidal

350
00:17:04,319 --> 00:17:01,440
forces on the evolution of years crust

351
00:17:07,460 --> 00:17:04,329
but I say that for two reasons one

352
00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:07,470
because tidal force is certainly a

353
00:17:12,840 --> 00:17:10,510
parts of the air surface the weather up

354
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:12,850
is a crustal effect that leads into its

355
00:17:17,970 --> 00:17:15,520
like tectonic world but whether or not

356
00:17:21,420 --> 00:17:17,980
as Peter warden don brownlee excited I

357
00:17:22,440 --> 00:17:21,430
mean is required it would be interesting

358
00:17:26,850 --> 00:17:22,450
they have that at least as a

359
00:17:29,160 --> 00:17:26,860
consideration in this process right I

360
00:17:30,110 --> 00:17:29,170
think that's a great comment I think

361
00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:30,120
that's something that we could

362
00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:35,170
potentially include unto that that's

363
00:17:44,370 --> 00:17:36,850
some topic of looking at kind of

364
00:17:47,610 --> 00:17:44,380
tectonics is one driver like to make a

365
00:17:49,230 --> 00:17:47,620
big difference for Europa and so if i

366
00:17:51,570 --> 00:17:49,240
can read overhead and one with our first

367
00:17:57,270 --> 00:17:51,580
poet and all I let you live in the same

368
00:17:58,650 --> 00:17:57,280
book I'm good looking four times yeah I

369
00:18:03,450 --> 00:17:58,660
had a little bit of a hard time hearing

370
00:18:06,740 --> 00:18:03,460
there and but the point I was just

371
00:18:10,350 --> 00:18:06,750
saying that the tidal forces are clearly

372
00:18:11,940 --> 00:18:10,360
important in a place like Europa right

373
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there was a more generic thing I do

374
00:18:20,370 --> 00:18:16,620
think we need to keep it in mind right

375
00:18:22,440 --> 00:18:20,380
that's a great point thank you very much

376
00:18:26,070 --> 00:18:22,450
John we also have some comments in the

377
00:18:28,080 --> 00:18:26,080
chat from Sean he says a key question to

378
00:18:29,580 --> 00:18:28,090
me is how did the interfaces from

379
00:18:31,290 --> 00:18:29,590
different components of the earth system

380
00:18:32,550 --> 00:18:31,300
change over time and then he elaborates

381
00:18:40,539 --> 00:18:32,560
Sean would you would you like to say a

382
00:18:45,979 --> 00:18:43,399
he may be in a place where he can't talk

383
00:18:54,889 --> 00:18:45,989
so he's he's continuing to type it looks

384
00:18:59,089 --> 00:18:54,899
like yeah that's a bummer and as a

385
00:19:00,739 --> 00:18:59,099
follow-up to the tidal forces comment go

386
00:19:04,759 --> 00:19:00,749
off they probably find that there's some

387
00:19:06,019 --> 00:19:04,769
other headings on other papers where

388
00:19:07,669 --> 00:19:06,029
that would be inappropriate comment as

389
00:19:09,969 --> 00:19:07,679
well i'm not i'm not saying it isn't q

390
00:19:14,060 --> 00:19:09,979
of it you should probably bring that up

391
00:19:20,049 --> 00:19:14,070
in several places and make sure it gets

392
00:19:26,989 --> 00:19:24,589
Sean's comment is includes a discussion

393
00:19:29,629 --> 00:19:26,999
of the subsurface class here that's

394
00:19:33,529 --> 00:19:29,639
often parameterised in atmospheric

395
00:19:36,249 --> 00:19:33,539
models and I think that's a really good

396
00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:36,259
point and something to consider is how

397
00:19:41,869 --> 00:19:39,570
how is the deep biosphere actually

398
00:19:44,899 --> 00:19:41,879
recorded in the ancient rock record I

399
00:19:47,389 --> 00:19:44,909
think that I'm an area that's still sort

400
00:19:55,849 --> 00:19:47,399
of underexplored and could potentially

401
00:19:58,279 --> 00:19:55,859
be important well I was trying to type

402
00:20:00,409 --> 00:19:58,289
your butt can figure out how to get it

403
00:20:02,869 --> 00:20:00,419
at the moment but Sean I'd be really

404
00:20:05,259 --> 00:20:02,879
interested in hearing a little bit more

405
00:20:08,359 --> 00:20:05,269
about what you mean by interfaces and

406
00:20:14,359 --> 00:20:08,369
maybe an example of how those might have

407
00:20:32,529 --> 00:20:14,369
evolved it looks like we're slowly

408
00:20:38,269 --> 00:20:36,589
so while we wait I urge those online to

409
00:20:39,379 --> 00:20:38,279
to review the questions to think about

410
00:20:40,969 --> 00:20:39,389
how they might contribute in this

411
00:20:43,129 --> 00:20:40,979
conversation because the richer we make

412
00:20:45,049 --> 00:20:43,139
it the more valuable the end product

413
00:20:46,700 --> 00:20:45,059
will be and I know you may not have had

414
00:20:50,719 --> 00:20:46,710
time to review the white paper ahead of

415
00:20:57,440 --> 00:20:50,729
this this webinar but your thoughts even

416
00:20:59,539 --> 00:20:57,450
at this stage are very welcome also

417
00:21:01,729 --> 00:20:59,549
because this is an ongoing process will

418
00:21:04,580 --> 00:21:01,739
be doing this for a while and really

419
00:21:06,259 --> 00:21:04,590
love your feedback on how the process is

420
00:21:08,060 --> 00:21:06,269
working for you and how how it in

421
00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:08,070
gauging you and how we might make it

422
00:21:15,139 --> 00:21:10,320
better for you so I see we do have a

423
00:21:17,029 --> 00:21:15,149
response from Shawn he says how for

424
00:21:18,950 --> 00:21:17,039
example how different planet sizes

425
00:21:21,950 --> 00:21:18,960
interior heating rates and sources etc

426
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:21,960
translate into volcanic outgassing rates

427
00:21:27,969 --> 00:21:26,070
and compositions and so basically on the

428
00:21:31,269 --> 00:21:27,979
earth we might be talking about how

429
00:21:37,669 --> 00:21:31,279
these things have changed in response to

430
00:21:41,089 --> 00:21:37,679
different interior themeing rates right

431
00:21:43,129 --> 00:21:41,099
I don't recall exactly what section is I

432
00:21:45,529 --> 00:21:43,139
think it might be the tectonic sub

433
00:21:49,369 --> 00:21:45,539
question of the paper that kind of looks

434
00:21:53,089 --> 00:21:49,379
at the changing kind of composition of

435
00:21:57,889 --> 00:21:53,099
the deeper is over time and then trying

436
00:22:00,049 --> 00:21:57,899
to apply looking at the our

437
00:22:03,200 --> 00:22:00,059
understanding of the deeper our own

438
00:22:07,690 --> 00:22:03,210
planets deeper evolution and trying to

439
00:22:10,369 --> 00:22:07,700
apply that to other types of planets I

440
00:22:11,899 --> 00:22:10,379
think that that is a really important

441
00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:11,909
question I think at least some of that

442
00:22:27,180 --> 00:22:23,760
there's way that yet would suggest that

443
00:22:35,780 --> 00:22:27,190
we add to that cooler section we're

444
00:22:43,500 --> 00:22:38,340
we have Lindsay slowly typing into the

445
00:22:45,450 --> 00:22:43,510
chat and she says that there's a white

446
00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:45,460
paper how expensive diverse and robust

447
00:22:49,890 --> 00:22:47,650
our surface and beat biospheres and how

448
00:22:53,250 --> 00:22:49,900
do they function so there's a there's

449
00:22:54,960 --> 00:22:53,260
obviously a place for for that comment

450
00:22:56,580 --> 00:22:54,970
but it also exists here so there's a lot

451
00:23:00,060 --> 00:22:56,590
of overlap between the topics which i

452
00:23:01,380 --> 00:23:00,070
think is is only valuable if not it's

453
00:23:02,850 --> 00:23:01,390
not it's not a bad thing and we should

454
00:23:05,670 --> 00:23:02,860
bring those things up as many times as

455
00:23:08,040 --> 00:23:05,680
we feel they should come up right and a

456
00:23:12,330 --> 00:23:08,050
lot of the investigations of the deepest

457
00:23:15,420 --> 00:23:12,340
fear focus on modern biosphere or a

458
00:23:17,340 --> 00:23:15,430
biosphere that's a modern extant blaster

459
00:23:20,190 --> 00:23:17,350
that's presence in ancient sediments and

460
00:23:22,500 --> 00:23:20,200
not so much on the actual record of an

461
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:22,510
ancient subsurface last year and so

462
00:23:29,280 --> 00:23:25,930
that's potentially a place where this

463
00:23:38,220 --> 00:23:29,290
topic and that topic could interface

464
00:23:40,550 --> 00:23:38,230
your form whatever well are there any

465
00:23:48,780 --> 00:23:40,560
other thoughts or questions from the

466
00:23:52,620 --> 00:23:50,880
Jake mike is there anything in

467
00:23:56,040 --> 00:23:52,630
particular that you're very curious to

468
00:23:57,000 --> 00:23:56,050
hear from the audience from people we're

469
00:23:59,040 --> 00:23:57,010
going to be watching this now or

470
00:24:03,540 --> 00:23:59,050
recorded is there anything specific that

471
00:24:06,030 --> 00:24:03,550
you'd like to know from them I'd be

472
00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:06,040
particularly interested especially if

473
00:24:13,170 --> 00:24:09,600
they're a biologist in the group here

474
00:24:16,860 --> 00:24:13,180
about especially what what aspects of

475
00:24:20,280 --> 00:24:16,870
how organisms organizing the ecosystems

476
00:24:24,810 --> 00:24:20,290
we we may want to address that aren't in

477
00:24:28,020 --> 00:24:24,820
this document already that's something

478
00:24:29,550 --> 00:24:28,030
that I think people are starting to

479
00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:29,560
think about we certainly tried to stay

480
00:24:35,910 --> 00:24:34,090
to take a crap out it in this group but

481
00:24:37,860 --> 00:24:35,920
I think that's that part is potentially

482
00:24:39,960 --> 00:24:37,870
something that could be even better

483
00:24:45,750 --> 00:24:39,970
developed by interfacing with a few more

484
00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:45,760
biologist so are there any biologists

485
00:24:50,120 --> 00:24:48,250
out there listening right now who would

486
00:24:52,860 --> 00:24:50,130
like to raise their hand in chimein and

487
00:24:54,750 --> 00:24:52,870
and are there any biologist who are

488
00:24:56,280 --> 00:24:54,760
watching this in recording and perhaps

489
00:25:00,840 --> 00:24:56,290
want to leave a comment on the google

490
00:25:03,140 --> 00:25:00,850
doc and and reach out to Mike Jake are

491
00:25:05,910 --> 00:25:03,150
you particularly curious about anything

492
00:25:09,840 --> 00:25:05,920
well I guess one thing I would kind of

493
00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:09,850
mention to the group here that there's a

494
00:25:17,790 --> 00:25:15,210
particular you know kind of discipline

495
00:25:19,860 --> 00:25:17,800
focused to our group are kind of working

496
00:25:23,820 --> 00:25:19,870
group here that's you know focused a lot

497
00:25:26,880 --> 00:25:23,830
on geochemistry and Talia biology but

498
00:25:29,730 --> 00:25:26,890
there are other potential sub

499
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:29,740
disciplines of life sciences and earth

500
00:25:34,380 --> 00:25:32,650
sciences that could also they probably

501
00:25:36,960 --> 00:25:34,390
aren't very well represented in our

502
00:25:39,870 --> 00:25:36,970
group like for example paleomagnetism so

503
00:25:42,060 --> 00:25:39,880
we're looking at for example that the

504
00:25:44,130 --> 00:25:42,070
role of magnetic field evolution of

505
00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:44,140
Earth's magnetic field or other plants

506
00:25:48,120 --> 00:25:46,570
magnetic field over time I don't think

507
00:25:49,830 --> 00:25:48,130
that that's something that we covered

508
00:25:53,160 --> 00:25:49,840
for instance and maybe we should so

509
00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:53,170
certainly if there are people from kind

510
00:25:59,760 --> 00:25:56,890
of sub disciplines outside of just kind

511
00:26:01,260 --> 00:25:59,770
of paleo biology in geochemistry and we

512
00:26:08,820 --> 00:26:01,270
definitely want to hear from

513
00:26:10,770 --> 00:26:08,830
mew as well and maybe just one last

514
00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:10,780
comment or this is really in the

515
00:26:16,560 --> 00:26:14,890
comments something that I think is maybe

516
00:26:19,770 --> 00:26:16,570
a little bit unusual about this white

517
00:26:23,670 --> 00:26:19,780
paper and maybe it hasn't quite struck

518
00:26:25,740 --> 00:26:23,680
people yet yeah we want these fairly in

519
00:26:27,660 --> 00:26:25,750
fact that there is more to be learned

520
00:26:30,150 --> 00:26:27,670
from Earth history than just focusing on

521
00:26:34,350 --> 00:26:30,160
precambrian but a lot of these states of

522
00:26:36,870 --> 00:26:34,360
how do we are in some ways even better

523
00:26:38,970 --> 00:26:36,880
understood once you get up into the

524
00:26:40,650 --> 00:26:38,980
phanerozoic and and their their work

525
00:26:43,320 --> 00:26:40,660
continuing to study and learn more about

526
00:26:45,300 --> 00:26:43,330
and thinking about how planets evolved

527
00:26:50,310 --> 00:26:45,310
and how that might inform how we look

528
00:26:51,690 --> 00:26:50,320
for other biospheres and so I just

529
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:51,700
wanted to get that out there and the

530
00:26:56,850 --> 00:26:54,010
desk in that office folks we thought I

531
00:27:00,360 --> 00:26:56,860
tell you if it does please come to some

532
00:27:02,370 --> 00:27:00,370
comments right and just to follow up on

533
00:27:04,620 --> 00:27:02,380
that another thing that we were kind of

534
00:27:08,430 --> 00:27:04,630
interested in is not just looking at

535
00:27:10,230 --> 00:27:08,440
kind of the the exciting period of

536
00:27:13,020 --> 00:27:10,240
change in Earth's history but also

537
00:27:15,180 --> 00:27:13,030
looking at kind of the long period of

538
00:27:17,010 --> 00:27:15,190
stability and like what allows those to

539
00:27:19,380 --> 00:27:17,020
occur those are something that top and

540
00:27:22,920 --> 00:27:19,390
not really focused on you know the

541
00:27:25,290 --> 00:27:22,930
boring billion or you know boring parts

542
00:27:27,060 --> 00:27:25,300
of what's thought them as being boring

543
00:27:28,830 --> 00:27:27,070
parts of Earth's history might be really

544
00:27:32,460 --> 00:27:28,840
important and be telling us important

545
00:27:34,710 --> 00:27:32,470
things but they're not often not as sexy

546
00:27:36,510 --> 00:27:34,720
or whatever and so that's something that

547
00:27:42,150 --> 00:27:36,520
we kind of tried to address a little bit

548
00:27:44,100 --> 00:27:42,160
i miss my paper as well I even asked if

549
00:27:48,030 --> 00:27:44,110
there are those times of accountability

550
00:27:50,730 --> 00:27:48,040
really were stable or simply just long

551
00:27:56,040 --> 00:27:50,740
term slow transitions and uh company

552
00:27:57,690 --> 00:27:56,050
house all right thank you very much John

553
00:28:01,430 --> 00:27:57,700
and I appreciate your time today and I

554
00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:01,440
want to ask the audience before we go

555
00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:03,340
we're going to do them quite a few of

556
00:28:07,230 --> 00:28:05,770
these online discussions as ways to kind

557
00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:07,240
of launch the white papers and collect

558
00:28:10,540 --> 00:28:08,930
feedback and share share they

559
00:28:13,660 --> 00:28:10,550
the current state of thought with the

560
00:28:15,760 --> 00:28:13,670
community and we'd love to have your

561
00:28:17,860 --> 00:28:15,770
feedback on this how was this discussion

562
00:28:20,440 --> 00:28:17,870
for you and how can we what would you

563
00:28:22,270 --> 00:28:20,450
like to see in future discussions if

564
00:28:23,290 --> 00:28:22,280
there's if there's anybody who can raise

565
00:28:24,610 --> 00:28:23,300
their hand and tell us what they

566
00:28:26,440 --> 00:28:24,620
particularly liked about this experience

567
00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:26,450
that we should replicate in future ones

568
00:28:30,130 --> 00:28:28,850
and and what they they were expecting

569
00:28:31,450 --> 00:28:30,140
maybe didn't get that we should try to

570
00:28:33,130 --> 00:28:31,460
incorporate them for the future ones

571
00:28:34,930 --> 00:28:33,140
that would actually be very useful you

572
00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:34,940
can type into the chat or you can raise

573
00:28:38,860 --> 00:28:37,310
your hand and we'll call on you to speak

574
00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:38,870
through the phone whatever is better for

575
00:28:44,710 --> 00:28:42,890
you I'll give a minute to participants

576
00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:44,720
to see if we have any feedback on our

577
00:29:03,020 --> 00:29:00,800
all right well if you do have any

578
00:29:04,820 --> 00:29:03,030
thoughts about that please communicate

579
00:29:06,590 --> 00:29:04,830
them to us through the through the

580
00:29:09,680 --> 00:29:06,600
website you can reach out to any of the

581
00:29:11,410 --> 00:29:09,690
ki no innovation staff we are there on

582
00:29:13,700 --> 00:29:11,420
the website you can also reach out to

583
00:29:15,770 --> 00:29:13,710
anybody from the NASA team they'd be

584
00:29:18,230 --> 00:29:15,780
happy to to incorporate your feedback as

585
00:29:20,660 --> 00:29:18,240
we move forward gentlemen any closing

586
00:29:23,950 --> 00:29:20,670
thoughts well we look forward to your

587
00:29:27,380 --> 00:29:23,960
comments on the google doc on the paper

588
00:29:28,790 --> 00:29:27,390
so you haven't read it please we do and

589
00:29:32,930 --> 00:29:28,800
we really look forward to reading

590
00:29:35,690 --> 00:29:32,940
against a and the o per unit contact

591
00:29:38,720 --> 00:29:35,700
with will either to talk about these

592
00:29:40,370 --> 00:29:38,730
things thank you very much gentlemen and

593
00:29:43,910 --> 00:29:40,380
thank you very much to our audience for

594
00:29:46,070 --> 00:29:43,920
for your attention today have a great

595
00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:46,080
afternoon and we hope to see you at the